Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (Elderberry)

Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis

Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli

Sambucus canadensis L.

Sambucus canadensis L. var. laciniata A. Gray

Sambucus caerulea Raf. var. mexicana (C. Presl ex DC.) L.D. Benson orth. var.

Sambucus canadensis L. var. submollis Rehder

Sambucus cerulea Raf. var. mexicana (C. Presl ex DC.) L.D. Benson

Sambucus mexicana C. Presl ex DC.

Sambucus orbiculata Greene

Sambucus simpsonii Rehder ex Sarg.

Elderberry, American Elderberry, Common Elderberry, Black Elderberry

Kingdom	Plantae	Plants, but not fungi, lichens, or algae
Subkingdom	Tracheobionta	Vascular plants—plants with a “circulatory system” for delivering water and nutrients
Division	Magnoliophyta	Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms
Class	Magnoliopsida	Dicotyledons—plants with two initial seed leaves
Subclass	Asteridae	A large class that encompasses asters
Order	Dipsacales	Includes viburnum, honeysuckle, snowberry, beautybush, twinflower, many others
Family	Adoxaceae	Elders and viburnums
Genus	Sambucus	From Greek sambuke, for a musical instrument made from elderwood
Species	nigra	“Black”
ssp.	canadensis	“Of for from Canada”

About plant names...

Common elderberry is a North American native shrub. The genus Sambucus derives from the Greek sambuce, the soft styrofoam-like pith in the center the of the stems, which is removed to make musical instruments (or, for that matter, blowguns). This is somewhat ironic, given that elderberry contains enough cyanide, as well as an alkaloid called sambucine, to be poisonous in some cases. Not necessarily the best plant to put in your mouth.

Never underestimate an elderberry. A shrub in our yard was undermined by a woodchuck, lying rootless on its side. We stuck it back into the ground temporarily, meaning to get rid of it. Next spring, it exploded into activity, soon reaching 8 feet in diameter. A couple of years later it was threatening to take over the entire front yard. My wife panicked and declared war on it. Now a dogwood is in the same spot, showing a similar degree of joie de vivre.

1/16/2019

8/28/2009 · Tom and Susan’s, Pepperell, MA

Here are some related elderberries:

	You are here Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis	*Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea*	*Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa*
Common Name	Elderberry	Blue Elderberry	Red Elderberry
Plant	Forms a rounded shrub up to 15' (4.6 m) in diameter, consisting of many stems emerging from a central point.	This woody shrub reaches heights of 20' (6.1 m), with main branches up to 1½" (3.8 cm) in diameter.	Rounded shrub up to 20' (6.1 m) in diameter, consisting of many stems emerging from a central point.
Flowers	Tight umbrella-shaped clusters, white or cream-colored, about 3-6" (7.6-15 cm) around.	White or cream-colored, in flat-topped clusters up to 6" (15 cm) around.	Flowers form tight umbrella-shaped clusters, white with a pink tinge, about 3-5" (7.6-12 cm) around.
Leaves	Opposite, in pinnate groups, each 1¾-6" (5-15 cm) long and about ¾-2" (2-6 cm) wide, with sharply serrated edges.	Opposite, in clusters of 3-9, up to 8" (20 cm) long, and oval to lance-shaped.	Opposite, in pinnate groups, each 1¾-6" (5-15 cm) long and about ¾-2" (2-6 cm) wide, with sharply serrated edges.
Stem	Upright stems, composed of soft pithy wood, eventually bend into arches.	Upright branches, composed of soft pithy wood, eventually bend into arches.	Upright branches, composed of soft pithy wood, eventually bend into arches.
Fruit	Berries are *shiny and black,* in dense, heavy clusters, each up to ¼" (6.3 mm) in diameter.	Berries are spherical, *blue-black in color, with a white powdery surface that makes them look lighter.*	Berries are *bright red*, in large, tight clusters.
Range/ Zones		USDA Zones: 4-10	USDA Zones: 3-9
Habitats		Mixed conifer forests, forest-steppe transitions, open talus slopes, at high elevations
Type	Wild	Wild	Wild

Identification: Forms a rounded shrub up to 15' (4.6 m) in diameter, consisting of many stems emerging from a central point. Upright stems, composed of soft pithy wood, eventually bend into arches. Leaves are opposite, in pinnate groups, each 1¾-6" (5-15 cm) long and about ¾-2" (2-6 cm) wide, with sharply serrated edges. The leaves, flowers and branches have a disagreeable odor when crushed, smelling like “a cross between skunk cabbage and Ailanthus,” according to Will Cook. Flowers form tight umbrella-shaped clusters, white or cream-colored, about 3-6" (7.6-15 cm) around. Berries are shiny and black, in dense, heavy clusters, each up to ¼" (6.3 mm) in diameter.

Edibility: Poisonous Skull & Crossbones All parts of the plant, except for the berries, are poisonous, due to the presence of hydrocyanic acid (cyanide!), and sambucine. But the berries are prized, dried by indigenous peoples, made into jams, or pies, or eaten raw when ripe. Or into elderberry wine.