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Salix nigra Marshall
Black willow
Black willow is a common North American native, and is named for its dark gray-brown bark.
Plants: This willow is 33–98′ (10–30 m) tall, rarely up to
148′ (45 m). Its trunk(s) reach 1½–2½′ (50–80 cm) in diameter.
It forms slender twigs, orange-brown in color. Sometimes these twigs are present in great profusion.
Leaves: 2–6″ (5–15 cm) long and
about ½″ (1.3 cm) wide, lanceolate to elliptic,
with fine serrations and sharp tips, growing alternately to each side.
A small rounded leaflike stipule encircles the stem at the base of each leaf, an identifying feature.
Flowers: Plants are dioecious: a single plant bears
both male and female flowers. Staminate (male) flowers are catkins ⅞–3″ (2.5–7.5 cm) long, crowded with
small greenish yellow or yellowish flowers. Each flower has 4-6 yellow-tipped stamens.
Pistillate (female) flowers are also catkins, with a looser arrangement of
flowers, on thinner stlaks ~1/32″ (0.5–1.5 mm) long.
Flowers appear from March to April.
Fruits: A capsule ⅛″ (5 mm) long, which splits open
when mature, releasing numerous minute, down-covered seeds.
Habitats: It is found in or near wet soils, where it often stabilizes stream banks.
Salix ambigua Pursh, non Ehrh. Salix denudata Raf. Salix dubia Trautv. Salix falcata Pursh Salix flavovirens Hornem. Salix ligustrina Michx. f. Salix ludoviciana Raf. Salix nigra Marshall var. altissima Sarg. Salix nigra Marshall var. brevifolia Andersson Salix nigra Marshall var. brevijulis Andersson Salix nigra Marshall var. falcata (Pursh) Torr. Salix nigra Marshall var. lindheimeri C.K. Schneid. Salix nigra Marshall var. longifolia Andersson Salix nigra Marshall var. marginata (Wimm. ex Andersson) Andersson Salix purshiana Spreng.