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Salix nigra Marshall

Black willow

Black willow is a common North American native, and is named for its dark gray-brown bark.

Plants: This willow is 33–98′ (10–30 m) tall, rarely up to 148′ (45 m). Its trunk(s) reach 1½–2½′ (50–80 cm) in diameter. It forms slender twigs, orange-brown in color. Sometimes these twigs are present in great profusion.

Leaves: 2–6″ (5–15 cm) long and about ½″ (1.3 cm) wide, lanceolate to elliptic, with fine serrations and sharp tips, growing alternately to each side. A small rounded leaflike stipule encircles the stem at the base of each leaf, an identifying feature.

Flowers: Plants are dioecious: a single plant bears both male and female flowers. Staminate (male) flowers are catkins ⅞–3″ (2.5–7.5 cm) long, crowded with small greenish yellow or yellowish flowers. Each flower has 4-6 yellow-tipped stamens. Pistillate (female) flowers are also catkins, with a looser arrangement of flowers, on thinner stlaks ~1/32″ (0.5–1.5 mm) long. Flowers appear from March to April.

Fruits: A capsule ⅛″ (5 mm) long, which splits open when mature, releasing numerous minute, down-covered seeds.

Habitats: It is found in or near wet soils, where it often stabilizes stream banks.

Online References:

Carolina Nature

Wikipedia

Ostermiller.org

The Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation

The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Www.swsbm.com (PDF)

References:

Sibley, David Allen, The Sibley Guide to Trees, Alfred A. Knopf, 2009, p. 240

Salix ambigua Pursh, non Ehrh.
Salix denudata Raf.
Salix dubia Trautv.
Salix falcata Pursh
Salix flavovirens Hornem.
Salix ligustrina Michx. f.
Salix ludoviciana Raf.
Salix nigra Marshall var. altissima Sarg.
Salix nigra Marshall var. brevifolia Andersson
Salix nigra Marshall var. brevijulis Andersson
Salix nigra Marshall var. falcata (Pursh) Torr.
Salix nigra Marshall var. lindheimeri C.K. Schneid.
Salix nigra Marshall var. longifolia Andersson
Salix nigra Marshall var. marginata (Wimm. ex Andersson) Andersson
Salix purshiana Spreng.

 

Salix nigra (black willow)

4/8/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Mass­a­chu­setts ID is uncertain

Salix nigra (black willow)

8/11/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 9 × 6″ (22 × 14 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

8/27/2010 · Beaver Brook Conservation Area, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hamp­shire · ≈ 14 × 9″ (35 × 23 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

8/13/2025 · Big Falls Preserve, New Gloucester, Maine · ≈ 11 × 16″ (27 × 40 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

9/18/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 1 × 2′ (41 × 62 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

Shoots from a fallen tree. · 3/10/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts

Salix nigra (black willow)

8/11/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 9 × 6″ (22 × 14 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

8/13/2025 · Big Falls Preserve, New Gloucester, Maine · ≈ 11 × 16″ (27 × 40 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

5/13/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts

Salix nigra (black willow)

6/5/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 13 × 10″ (32 × 26 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

9/18/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 1 × 2′ (41 × 62 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

9/18/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 1 × 2′ (41 × 62 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

1/6/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts ID is uncertain

Salix nigra (black willow)

5/13/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts

Salix nigra (black willow)

9/18/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 1 × 2′ (41 × 62 cm)

Salix nigra (black willow)

5/29/2010 · Maine Audubon Gilsland Farm Audubon Center, Falmouth, Maine

Salix nigra (black willow)

6/5/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 13 × 9″ (32 × 23 cm)

KingdomPlantaePlants, but not fungi, lichens, or algae (from Stearn's Botanical Latin)
SubkingdomTracheobiontaVascular plants—plants with a “circulatory system” for delivering water and nutrients
DivisionMagnoliophytaFlowering plants, also known as angiosperms
ClassMagnoliopsidaDicotyledons—plants with two initial seed leaves
SubclassRosidaeRoses, legumes, proteas, dogwoods, hydrangeas, mistletoes, euphorbias, grapes, many more
OrderMalpighialesA broad group encompassing 16,000 species
FamilySalicaceaeWillow family
GenusSalixLatin for “willow,” meaning “to leap or spring,” a reference to its fast growth
Speciesnigra“Black”

About plant names...

Range: Zones 4-9:

About this map...

Salix nigra description by Thomas H. Kent, not updated.

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