Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum
Eriophorum spissum Fernald
Eriophorum spissum Fernald var. erubescens (Fernald) Fernald
Eriophorum vaginatum L. ssp. spissum (Fernald) Hultén
Eriophorum vaginatum L. var. spissum (Fernald) B. Boivin Cotton sedge, hare’s-tail cottongrass, tussock cottongrass, sheathed cottonsedge
Hare’s-tail cottongrass is a tussock-forming sedge native to North America, with a preference for peaty bogs and acidic wetlands. Plants: Stems (culms) are round, oval, or triangular in cross section. The stems are very thin, about ¹/₃₂" (), and densely packed into tussocks. Leaves: There are a few basal, alternate leaves, and a few higher up, but they are easy to miss amongst the many stems. Each leaf is up to ¹/₃₂" (1 mm) wide, resembling a grass blade, and may be nearly as long as the stem. Flowers: Flowers appear in a compact cluster at the tip of the stem, appearing elliptic at first, then more hemispheric as the plant matures. If you look closely, the numerous flowerheads are arranged in a spiral pattern. The cottony flowerheads are ¾-2" (1.9-5 cm) in size. Fruits: ¹/₁₆-⅛" (1.9-3.5 mm) long. They are triangular to rounded in cross-section. White bristles around the base of each flower extend in length, becoming ¼-¾" (8.3-19 mm) long, producing the “cotton.” Seeds (achenes) are ¹/₁₆-⅛" (1.9-3.5 mm) long, and shaped like teardrops. They are three-sided when viewed in cross section. The tussocks of narrow stems, white bristles (vs. brownish), and erect (vs. nodding) orientation are identifying features. These are closely similar: |
7/13/2015 · Mt. Mansfield, Stowe/Cambridge, Vermont 7/13/2015 · Mt. Mansfield, Stowe/Cambridge, Vermont 7/13/2015 · Mt. Mansfield, Stowe/Cambridge, Vermont |
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You are here Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum |
Eriophorum virginicum |
Rhynchospora alba |
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Plant | Stems (culms) are round, oval, or triangular in cross section. The stems are very thin, about ¹/₃₂" (), and densely packed into tussocks. | Stems are not branched, hairless, and 16-48" (40-121 cm) in height. They are single, or in small groups, with round or slightly triangular cross sections. | Stems are up to 20" (50 cm) in height, round or oval to weakly triangular (“obscurely triangular,” according to one source) in cross-section. They are not branched and hairless, and are cespitose: often occuring in clumps. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flowers | Flowers appear in a compact cluster at the tip of the stem, appearing elliptic at first, then more hemispheric as the plant matures. If you look closely, the numerous flowerheads are arranged in a spiral pattern. The cottony flowerheads are ¾-2" (1.9-5 cm) in size, erect (vs. nodding) and are white (vs. brownish). | Although they often look like a single tuft of cotton, the tuft is comprised of 2-10 densely packed spikelet clusters. The lowermost spikelets are wrapped in leafy bracts, like tiny ears of corn. Each spikelet is ⅛-⅜" (6-10 mm) long. Ten or more threadlike bristles—the “cotton”—extend from the base of each flower. The threads eventually become up to ¾" (2 cm) long, usually brown at the base, and somewhere between off white and brown or red-brown as the plant ages. The red-brown color distinguishes tawny cotton-grass from other cotton grasses. (More subtle identifiers include a single stamen per floret instead of 3, and multiple veins on the scales of the seedheads.) Flowers appear from Jun to Sep. | White, rounded clusters of spikelets turn light brown with age. Usually there is a single cluster, but there may be one or two additional clusters. Clusters are ⅜-⅞" (1-2.5 cm) in size, comprised of spikelets that are ⅛-³/₁₆" (3.5-5.5 mm) long, and narrowly elliptic: shaped like miniature ears of corn. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | There are a few basal, alternate leaves, and a few higher up, but they are easy to miss amongst the many stems. Each leaf is up to ¹/₃₂" (1 mm) wide, resembling a grass blade, and may be nearly as long as the stem. | Alternate, up to 12" (30 cm) long × ¹/₃₂-⅛" (1.5-4 mm) wide. They are linear, flat at the base, becoming triangular in cross section as they approach the tip, with parallel veins. They may be erect, or floppy. | Grasslike leaves are flat at the base, becoming triangular in cross-section toward the end, ~¹/₃₂" (~) in width. Sheaths enclosing blades around the culm are closed. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fruit | ¹/₁₆-⅛" (1.9-3.5 mm) long. They are triangular to rounded in cross-section. White bristles around the base of each flower extend in length, becoming ¼-¾" (8.3-19 mm) long, producing the “cotton.” Seeds (achenes) are ¹/₁₆-⅛" (1.9-3.5 mm) long, and shaped like teardrops. They are three-sided when viewed in cross section. | Fruits appear from July to September. The achenes are ¹/₁₆-⅛" (2.5-4 mm) long, shaped like a narrow ellipse with a triangular or rounded cross section. They are brown or black. | Achenes are lenticular (“lens-shaped”), ~¹/₃₂" (~) wide, narrowing to a stalk at the base. Each spikelet contains one or two achenes. Mature spikelets are brown. A tangle of 9 to 12 bristles surround the base of each spikelet. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Habitats | Peaty bogs and acidic wetlands. | Wet, peaty, acidic soil, such as bogs, damp meadows, and conifer swamps. | Bogs, peatlands, floating mats. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | Wild | Wild | Wild |
Online References:
Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum at Minnesota Wildflowers
Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum on Wikipedia
Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum on gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org
Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum on plantfinder.nativeplanttrust.org
References:
Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum
Eriophorum spissum Fernald
Eriophorum spissum Fernald var. erubescens (Fernald) Fernald
Eriophorum vaginatum L. ssp. spissum (Fernald) Hultén
Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum description by Thomas H. Kent, last updated 16 Sep 2020.
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